Guide on How to Drop Users in Amazon Redshift Database

Hello and welcome to this shared tutorial on how to remove users from any database of your choice. While there may be slight differences across databases, I assure you that these steps should apply to any scenario. Recently, I've been focusing on advancing my career in data engineering,and i have had the opportunity to pick up few task in my current workplace on dropping a couple of users on our redshift database who probably have left or the username created are no longer in use.

I got stuck with the process and went online to source for few articles and blog that could be of help, eventually i got one in amazon AWS tutorial platform which was not practically explanatory but was helpful to prepare this post, so i decided to write a simple tutorial on this topic. If you are exploring how to drop or remove users from your database and you encoutered an error message that states "user cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it".  This tutorial is for you. I'll be outlining the steps you need to take to successfully drop such user.

Prerequisites

• You should be familiar with SQL syntax.
• You must have explored at least one or two database platform (Redshift)

Now let us walk through the steps you need to take in order to successfully drop any user of your choice from your database.

STEP 1: Create View to Generate Grant or Revoke DDL For Users and Groups.

This view should be created with any schema name available on the database you are working with and it is useful for recreating users, group privileges or for revoking privileges before dropping a user or group. you can find the code to creating this below:

Github Link 

STEP 2: Create View to Generate Objects Owned by User.

This is an handy view to create for further indepth check. it will help check if there are some objects created by the user you want to drop, in other to assign them to a super user or ignore if they are not in use. Find below link to the file for your review or download:

Github Link 

STEP 3: Change the Ownership of all Tables Owned by user.

There may be possibilty that the user you want to drop own a couple of tables on your database, if you go ahead to run the drop user command without changing those ownership, be sure to encounter an error stating "User 'Username_to_drop' cannot be dropped because suome objects depend on it". Running the below SQL code should output all the neccessary tables owned by the user that you need to change.

  
  select 'alter table '+schemaname+'.'+tablename+' owner to new_owner_name;' 
     from pg_tables 
 where tableowner like '%user_name_to_drop%';

Note: The output of the above SQL code can be exported into a CSV file, and all queries generated can be rerun on the database to successfully switch ownership of all tables created by the user you want to drop

STEP 4:   Revoke all Schema Privileges from the User to be dropped.

The next step after the above three mentioned, is to revoke all schema privelages from user, this should also output list of queries you'll rerun on the database to do the job. be sure to also export the output produced to a CSV file and reuse accordingly on your database. Find below the SQL code to use:

        
   
    select 
          distinct 'revoke all on schema '+schemaname+' from username_to_drop;' 
    from admin.v_find_dropuser_objs;     

STEP 5:  Revoke all Table Privileges Assigned to User.

Here is another crucial step to take, most users are always assigned privileges to tables on the database if not all, atleast 98% of the time, users get to enjoy this previlege. The SQL code shared below can help output all tables the user has previlege to either SELECT from or UPDATE.

          select 
  distinct  
   'revoke all on all tables in schema '+schemaname+' from username_to_drop;'
from admin.v_find_dropuser_objs;     

STEP 6: Explore The "Grant or Revoke DDL" View You Created in Step 1 For Further Check

There are instance when you are done with step 5, and you use the drop command on the user and everything work fine, but situation where by you still get an error message of not being able to drop the user, you should explore this next step for further investigation. This below query will output what was missed by step 3, 4 and 5. Do the needful by exporting the output as usual and run the queries provided on your database (Limit is optional)

          select 
   ddl from fivetran_sheets.v_generate_user_grant_revoke_ddl 
where ddltype='revoke' and (grantee='username_to_drop' or grantor='username_to_drop') 
order by objseq, grantseq desc
limit 9000;    

STEP 7: Drop User

DROP Username_to_drop;     

If you have successfully carried out the above highlighted steps, you should be able to use the drop command on the user without any error.

I hope this help you solve your problem. Feel free to leave a comment if this was useful and don't forget to share with anyone who might need this. keep an eye on this blog for more tutorials like this.

Thanks

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Analysis on Nigeria Breweries Sales Data - Utiva Data Analysis Challenge

Hello and welcome to this walkthrough on how I approached this data analysis challenge organized by Utiva. this challenge was organized to test our skills as data analysts using any data analytic tools of our choice to answer a couple of questions on Nigeria Breweries Sales Documentation for three years (2018 - 2020).

For this challenge, I used three data analytic tools, (PYTHON, MYSQL, and POWER BI) for reporting my findings and visualizing my results. This run-down focuses on visual output and report. Find below the link to the business questions stakeholders wants us to answer by torturing the dataset provided. 

Note: All data visuals are from PowerBI and link to the python code file can be found below.

EXECUTIVE QUESTIONS TO ANSWER (PDF)

Section A (Profit Analysis)

This section was more concerned about profit analysis given the accumulated data covering the space of 2018 - 2020. in total, 8 questions were asked.

1. Within the space of the last three years, what was the profit worth of the breweries, inclusive of the anglophone and the francophone territories?

Findings: Within the space of 3 years (2017, 2018, and 2019), the profit generated by the breweries across the two territories was (106 MILLION).

2. Compare the total profit between these two territories in order for the territory manager, Mr. Stone make strategic decisions that will aid profit maximization in 2020.

Findings: The anglophone countries comprises of Nigeria and Ghana while the francophone countries comprises of Togo, Senegal and Benin. Comparing the profit generated between the two territories, it appears that the francophone territory made more profit of about (20 MILLION) than the anglophone territory with a TOTAL OF 63 MILLION.

3. Country that generated the highest profit in 2019.

Findings: Country with the highest profit appears to be GHANA which made a total of 7.1 MILLION and country with the least profit is Nigeria with a total profit of 4.8 million.

4. Help him find the year with the highest profit.

Findings: The Year with the highest profit is 2017. A total of 39 MILLION was gained.

5. Which month in the three years were the least profit generated?

Findings:  APRIL appears to be the month with the least profit made within 3 years. A total of 8.6 MILLION was made.

6. What was the minimum profit in the month of December 2018?

Findings: The minimum profit made in December 2018 is 38150

7. Compare the profit in percentage for each of the month in 2019

Findings: Comparing percentages profit across months in 2019, we have the top 3 month to be JANUARY, AUGUST, and JULY having their percentages to be 10.87%, 9.94%, 9.84% respectively.

8. Which particular brand generated the highest profit in Senegal?

Findings: The brand that generated the highest profit in Senegal appears to be CASTLE LITE, having its profit to be 7 MILLION.

To follow up with the codes and POWERBI file for other sections, check out my github link below

Section A (Profit Analysis)

Section B (Brand Analysis)

Section C (Countries Analysis)

Section D (MYSQL WalkThrough)

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Four Levels of Relationship One Can Have with Christ (Part 3)

Hello and welcome to the Third part of the teaching of four level of relationship one can have with Christ, if you missed the first post follow the link below to read the first  and Second part.

Four Levels of Relationship One Can Have With Christ (Part 1)

Four levels of Relationship One Can have With God (Part 2)

3. Sonship level of relationship

         Now this is where we start to see ourselves. This is the level of responsibility, of concern... those that are at that level are specially cared by God, they are treated as sons, and thus God makes a point in teaching them not only his heart, but also his WAYS, PRINCIPLES, and TRUTH. Because they are sons they are heirs, and they have to know, to work and be invested with what is in the Father. Its more like a transmission circle, they have to be ABLE HEIRS. In real life, fathers share thoughts, time, values, principles, plans, everything that makes them who they are with their sons, to transfer it to them. And sons obey, respect and are about the father's business. They are also much involved in service and burdens. They have freedom to ask of their father what they need and want, though less often what they want because the son has to understand what the father primer object if is in him, and a lot of wants can be seen as immaturity. But whatever the Son needs for his advancement and growth, the Father can NEVER refuse.
         So they have a greater relationship, he teaches them to discern, to walk, to obey and they grow as this process goes on.Also Father and Son are bound by a greater bond By blood, servants don't have that friends don't have that only the Sons have the blood, only the Sons have the name. Blood represents a covenant. I love the concept of covenant in the Bible, it passes the level of simple relationship, and that's what a covenant is all about.
          We, who have truly repented and been baptized in the NAME OF JESUS CHRIST and RECEIVED the promised of the Holy Spirit, we have entered into an unbreakable covenant, sealed by blood.

Genesis 17: 1, 2, 7 - 9

1 And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the LORD appeared to Abram, and said unto him, I am the Almighty God; walk before me, and be thou perfect.
2 And I will make my covenant between me and thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly.
7 And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee.
8 And I will give unto thee, and to thy seed after thee, the land wherein thou art a stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God.
9 And God said unto Abraham, Thou shalt keep my covenant therefore, thou, and thy seed after thee in their generations.

       Now Abraham had a covenant with God, and the proof of it was circumcision, which is a type of the Holy Ghost. Now, this covenant was with him and his seed, his generations after him. It was passed down to Isaac, and Israel later. And we can see how STEADFASTLY God kept that covenant, with all the sins, the rebellion, the evil that Israel did, God never went to look for an other man to restart with, no, it was Abraham and it remained thus. Israel who kills the prophets and even killed our Lord Jesus Christ, up to today  God has still not cast them out or broken his covenant with them.
        I remember our dear Pastor Nice often says: "when you get baptized in the name of Jesus Christ and receive the Holy Ghost it is finished, you can NEVER go to hell again, it is not possible".
Read the book of Corinthians, Paul was taking to believers, and we read what things they were doing.

1 Corinthians 5: 1 - 5

1 It is reported commonly that there is fornication among you, and such fornication as is not so much as named among the Gentiles, that one should have his father's wife.
2 And ye are puffed up, and have not rather mourned, that he that hath done this deed might be taken away from among you.
3 For I verily, as absent in body, but present in spirit, have judged already, as though I were present, concerning him that hath so done this deed,
4 In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, when ye are gathered together, and my spirit, with the power of our Lord Jesus Christ,
5 To deliver such an one unto Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus.

 How is that!,  That is the power of a covenant. As sons, we are very special and we have to realize it, we have to really invest ourselves with that mentality, that mind, and walk in all that the Father has spoken about us because its our inheritance. We have to manifest it now, the power, the authority, the wisdom, the holiness, the gifts, the understanding, the victories m, it is now that we should manifest it.
Now i divided this Son-ship  into THREE subcategories.

a) These are those whom the holy spirit has visited and has taken by the hand, and by his teaching them PERSONALLY, they have come to a level of obedience and discernment that even FRIEND level individuals don't have. Their experiences might be less than the Friend category though, but they have consistently acquired those principles and ways and by obedience and discernment they are able to break from the denomination and have knowledge about rapture, tribulation, the beast, Babylon, etc.. they can never be lost or take the mark of the beast. They are those who came out of denominations without the message of this age, but still believe some of the basic things that have been revealed to us like baptism and no trinity, and they have the spirit of God.

b) these are have the same characteristics only that they acquired it by grace and obedience to the perfect and easy way provided by God in their generation. They are the message believers who came out of Babylon and the sea of denomination by the message of the 7th star messenger of God William Marrion Branham. They understand the perfect plan of God as was hidden in his word through that, and can see the whole picture of God through the ages until then. But they fail to COME IN to the secret place, into the TENT of INTIMACY after COMING OUT.

c) Then you have those who have all these plus they are PRESENTLY enjoying the light of the PRESENT PERFECTING MINISTRY, THE 5 FOLD MINISTRY of apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors and teachers. Nevertheless, they have still not been able to transition spiritually into the that greater position, into that greater revelation, into that greater mentality which is the BRIDE's position. They accept, agree and enjoy the present light but their hearts, have not fully shifted in that LOVE and INTIMACY relationship with the Groom.
All these a, b and c, are the FOOLISH virgins who will be left behind, and have their own ministry in the tribulation.
I pray that we will not be of those.We should always be awake, watching and praying for the time appointed.

4. The BRIDE level of Relationship.

       I would like to call it Intimacy, Now, in the natural, the bride is the BELOVED. She is special because she is the best thing the groom could have. She has INTIMACY with the groom. She knows him in a way that NOBODY could. She knows his heart, his mind, his SECRETS. The groom loves her and HIDES NOTHING from her. They are one. The groom covers her and NOBODY can DARE touch her, she is a pearl unto him. His authority is directly or indirectly hers. His loyalty to her is greater than his loyalty to anyone else.
        The Bible says a man shall LEAVE father and mother, and attach himself unto his WIFE. The groom could die for her, he would give ANYTHING for her, in exchange for her life. Adam, even though eve sinned, could not let her go, he choose to leave all the privileges and position and fellowship with his maker to TAKE SIDE WITH HIS WIFE. She just needs to ask, and he will give even if its just what her heart desires, a want and not a need. Even without her asking, the husband will give her GIFTS, and SPECIAL ATTENTION and CARE. Now those gifts the bride has, are different from spiritual gifts... they have that too, but these are closer to what you would call FAVOR. She has TREMENDOUS FAVOR that manifests in a form of a special dealing between her and the groom.
            In the natural, a man cannot just take his son to go out just for dinner alone with him, but he would do it for his wife. In the natural a man would not like his son to be asking him things for himself all the time, but he would buy it for his wife without even her asking. He will take her on a romantic dinner and tell her with words his love.
          The bride too, desires to be loved, and she never fails to be touched by the least of these special attentions given to her. As the groom is jealous, she is also jealous and usually expresses it with words.
             In the natural, a wife would not see with a good eye the fact that her husband gave something as a gift to his sister, mother or anyone else, that she herself has never had. There is a level of gifts you give, that if she herself hasn't received this level of gifting, she will be offended. Because she believes she should be at the top of your list, she should have greater honor. They might not say it, but in their heart, they won't be at ease about it. Brothers and sisters that is the level of INTIMACY we should aim for, I believe married people can relate to that better, But we can all understand it, and aim for it.
           We might all have received the present truth here, the 5 fold ministry and be walking in the truth, but i don't believe all people who believe this will go in the rapture. And i have always have that thought in my heart, since i received that truth and truly came in after coming out. In the same way that many received brother Branham but still could not move on, some also in this present truth are still not fully awake or watching, and desiring in themselves that manifestation that creation itself is awaiting for. For this temporary tabernacles must be changed into an immortal one.

             Now, we can all see and feel the coming of Christ is drawing nearer, it is time to really get into that tent, and know our groom. That's what songs of Solomon is all about, it is not just a relationship, it is Intimacy, it is love divine.

Song of Solomon 1: 2
2 Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth: for thy love is better than wine.

Song of Solomon 2: 3, 5
3 As the apple tree among the trees of the wood, so is my beloved among the sons. I sat down under his shadow with great delight, and his fruit was sweet to my taste.
5 Stay me with flagons, comfort me with apples: for I am sick of love.

Love divine has to enter our hearts, and bind us to him, that we would not want to be anywhere else but with him. Let us always seek for the deeper, a greater intimacy with him. There is so much to know, so much we don't see , if we think we know much and have seen much that would be deceiving ourselves, God is so NEW, he is so SPECIAL, there is always a way that he will turn us and we will be amazed at him. So let us press on, now more that ever... DIG that well, and dig it deep, and let us walk like enoch walked.

Hebrews 11: 5
5 By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translated him: for before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God.

           Enoch was living in the time where the pure descendants of Adam were still alive. They dis not have the serpentine nature in them, just like Abel. But what made Enoch different?, Why was he the only one that was translated, why was he the only one of whom it was recorded that he had a testimony ?He walketh"ed" with God, a special walk, he had INTIMACY, he did not settle for just knowing the seven seals, or the Holy city new Jerusalem, or the Godhead... he constantly desired more of God, and walketh"ed" in that INTIMACY.
           Only the people with the bride level of relationship will be raptured, they are the wise virgins.I pray that the Lord helps us all to walk before him with a testimony that we please him for a Bride that he could marry in Jesus's name Amen!
May the Lord bless us all i thereby rest my case.
God Bless as u seek for the best out of the four levels of relationship with Christ.

Note: This Topic was Taught by Bro Landry

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Four Levels of Relationship One Can Have with Christ (Part 2)

Hello and welcome to the second part of the teaching of four level of relationship one can have with Christ, if you missed the first post follow the link below to read the first part.

Four Levels of Relationship One Can Have with Christ (Part 1)

Now the next level of relationship we would be talking about is The Friend level of Relationship, relax and follow along, note to have a full understanding of this topic, do well to have read through part 1.

2. The Friend level of Relationship

John 15: 15, 16

15 Henceforth I call you not servants; for the servant knoweth not what his lord doeth: but I have called you friends; for all things that I have heard of my Father I have made known unto you.
16 Ye have not chosen me, but I have chosen you, and ordained you, that ye should go and bring forth fruit, and that your fruit should remain: that whatsoever ye shall ask of the Father in my name, he may give it you.

 Now this is a level that i find very interesting and this concept that i am about to explain, i hope won't confuse any of us. But i would like to define this level with a word: GRACE.I just finds there is a lot of grace attached to it.And we have to understand these levels and how they play in real life. You see, our God is a working God and he had to be able to do just that anywhere. So there are those kinds of principles, or ways in which he operates to be able to draw people from any area any background.I personally received God here in china. I was still a sinner, but God convicted me and spoke directly to my heart, here, in a denominational church, and i gave my life truly to the Lord. Then, God used those that he had placed around my life to share this message(malachi 4 vs 5) to me. But the presence i felt that day, the conviction, the power of God that made me weep upon myself, i felt it all in a denominational church. What am i trying to say? God has to work and God will work no matter where it is, he had ways and principles that he uses to be able to reach to people from all backgrounds, then he himself separates and draws HIGHER  to HIGHER levels of relationship. Now back to the friend level of relationship. 

    They are those with special GRACE. They have a relationship with God. He knows them and they know him but they are not SONS. They just have a special grace upon their lives and they are as friends. Those are much fewer in number. They are like Abraham, receiving so much without having done nothing but believe. God speaks to them, and reveals his mind to them to a certain level, their understanding of God's heart is deeper than the servant level people. They usually quite stand out among them. I believe this level is still seen among denominational people... their level of understanding of what the kingdom is all about is much greater and deeper than the average denominational. Their experiences too display an other level of Grace. But they can't seem to be able to break away from the mainstream,even though they do stand out among them. I personally have identified some myself that i can put into that category, preachers or individual, who really stand out in holiness, in revelation, in understanding of God's kingdom and in giftings too, from the average denominational.
            You know, i am here in china, and from the time i received this message, i have been sustained by the books and sermons posted online, and our small fellowship here between ourself... we don't have any pastor or minister, just the Lord, and because of that, the grace of God has manifested in different ways for us and for me personally. Because we are all parts of the body and we all have to find our places as members. So the Lord had to teach me personally what i am in the body, what i was made for, And in that process, it helped me to understand that concept of friend level of relationship.
              God would lead me to preachers who are not message believers, and tell me specific things i need to learn from them, that i needed to learn because it had a relationship with what i was made for... and in those things that i would learn from them, it is usually the thing that they focus on, and they were so peculiar in that, that even in the denomination circle they seemed different. Even in their ways, and understanding of God and they usually tend to not really love the concept of denominationalism. But they can't break from it really, because it is only this message that can take us out and truly in. But yes, they manifest that level of friend relationship. God uses them specially, with a true purpose.They seem to be vessels kept to help some from the denominational circle who cant see now but are elect, to be nourished to a more satisfying level.
They might be able to recognize the deception of the beast in the tribulation and at that time break away with those sleeping elects.
In real life, friends share thoughts, they share time, they love each other, they help each other and do not wish to loose each other. But even friendship can still be broken. And some can still fall from grace.

Then there is the  Sonship level of relationship, Our next blog post will focus on the sonship level of relationship. Check out for the part three of this teaching, until then stay blessed.


Note: This write up was taught by bro landry

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Four Levels of Relationship One can Have With Christ (Part 1)

I pray that the Lord Jesus Christ, will quicken his word unto us and enable me to share this eternal thought which i have received with you all, I am thankful to God for the opportunity to be able to share words that can edify my brethren today, and also to the admins who entrusted me with this privilege, may the Lord bless you all in Jesus's name. My subject today will be titled: 4 levels of Relationship. We will talk about the different levels of relationship that we can have with the Lord and see how they differ from each other, and i pray that this subject will press our hearts to seek for a higher form of relationship with our beloved Groom.
Luke 17: 7 - 10

7 But which of you, having a servant plowing or feeding cattle, will say unto him by and by, when he is come from the field, Go and sit down to meat?
8 And will not rather say unto him, Make ready wherewith I may sup, and gird thyself, and serve me, till I have eaten and drunken; and afterward thou shalt eat and drink?
9 Doth he thank that servant because he did the things that were commanded him? I trow not.
10 So likewise ye, when ye shall have done all those things which are commanded you, say, We are unprofitable servants: we have done that which was our duty to do.

1. The servant level of relationship.

Now this is a dictionary definition of the word servant, a person who performs duties for others, especially a person employed in a house on domestic duties or as a personal attendant. In the above verse where our Lord is speaking, we can already identify some of the characteristics or traits of what a servant is. Now here are some things that we know about servants...

• They are employed
• They are paid
• Their duty is to serve
• They have a servant to master relationship with their employer
• They can be fired

Now there are many more others things we can see from that, but lets start with this. As we are focusing on the relationship aspect, we see that servants don't have a close relationship with their employer, he is their master.In the same way, the master does not have special care or closeness with his servants.Just as the statement in the above scripture shows. Servants serve the master, and they also KNOW the master but only to a certain extent, If they have a kind master, they know it, if he is hard and unmerciful, they know it, if he is Patient they know it... do you get it? Servants can know the character, the attributes of the master, they can know how he is, and how he likes his servants to be, and what makes him angry...And they can USE that to their advantage.

Matthew 18: 23 - 27

23 Therefore is the kingdom of heaven likened unto a certain king, which would take account of his servants.
24 And when he had begun to reckon, one was brought unto him, which owed him ten thousand talents.
25 But forasmuch as he had not to pay, his lord commanded him to be sold, and his wife, and children, and all that he had, and payment to be made.
26 The servant therefore fell down, and worshipped him, saying, Lord, have patience with me, and I will pay thee all.
27 Then the lord of that servant was moved with compassion, and loosed him, and forgave him the debt.

Here we see a merciful and compassionate king, who forgave the debt of his servant.The servant recognized how the king is, and humbled himself and begged him and his master forgave him.But the Lord could also have done otherwise to him as we see later after he showed himself unmerciful.

Matthew 18: 32 - 34

32 Then his lord, after that he had called him, said unto him, O thou wicked servant, I forgave thee all that debt, because thou desiredst me:
33 Shouldest not thou also have had compassion on thy fellowservant, even as I had pity on thee?
34 And his lord was wroth, and delivered him to the tormentors, till he should pay all that was due unto him. 

 The servant level of relationship allows for certain things and benefits indeed but it is the riskier of all of the levels, but still remember, there is a RELATIONSHIP. Now, some good servants can also be promoted for their good works.

Luke 19: 15 - 19

15 And it came to pass, that when he was returned, having received the kingdom, then he commanded these servants to be called unto him, to whom he had given the money, that he might know how much every man had gained by trading.16 Then came the first, saying, Lord, thy pound hath gained ten pounds.17 And he said unto him, Well, thou good servant: because thou hast been faithful in a very little, have thou authority over ten cities.18 And the second came, saying, Lord, thy pound hath gained five pounds.19 And he said likewise to him, Be thou also over five cities.

Yes, some servants can even have authority from the master to do certain things that even some other servants can't, and some servants manage other servants. But there is one thing servant don't have and don't know, They don't know what the master does, they don't know his personal plans, his mind, his thoughts, They don't really know his heart, and they don't know his mind. So all that they can ever do is serve.  The master does not talk to them about his personal issues and life. Now lets apply it to our reality, to the church.
        This is the lowest level of intimacy for those in the field of Jesus Christ. It does not include the people of the world, they are complete outsiders.
At this level, the people have a desire for God for one reason or the other, and decided that he was better than the world. They know God, in that sense that they know his attributes, they know he is, they know his character and they know they can fully rely on it. This level of people serve a lot, they try to do things but they do it in their own righteousness, without knowledge because their level does not allow them to do otherwise. They have gifts of the spirits, which i will name rather as equipment, because that's more of what spiritual gifts are. These people can experience miracles, wonders, have great testimonies of God's grace, favor, power, faithfulness, etc... and they imagine that that is what it means to know God.
        In the natural, a servant has no PERSONAL relationship with his master. The master is who he is, and the servant can benefit from that and experience it and know what kind of master he is serving, but he remains a servant. Servants have the possibility to ask for requests, favor, help, and the better the servant, the easier it will be to obtain it, based on who the master is by himself. Masters can also reward good servants by promoting them or giving them more honor. But the servant never get to really know the mind of the master, and the master never considers the servant as someone he has a relationship with.
        In this category, most are tares, that will be burnt. They are those who think they know God while he says "i don't know you", they are those of Mathew 7, those who will be greatly disappointed by Christ's reply to them. They are the denominational believers, caught up in the nicolaitan hierarchy system. There are people who truly want to know God there, but they are caught up in this system, and all they can have is that servant level of relationship. Now there is mercy for them and time to bring forth good fruits, but the time will come when there will be time no more.

Luke 13: 6 - 9

6 He spake also this parable; A certain man had a fig tree planted in his vineyard; and he came and sought fruit thereon, and found none.
7 Then said he unto the dresser of his vineyard, Behold, these three years I come seeking fruit on this fig tree, and find none: cut it down; why cumbereth it the ground?
8 And he answering said unto him, Lord, let it alone this year also, till I shall dig about it, and dung it:
9 And if it bear fruit, well: and if not, then after that thou shalt cut it down.

Matthew 13: 30

30 Let both grow together until the harvest: and in the time of harvest I will say to the reapers, Gather ye together first the tares, and bind them in bundles to burn them: but gather the wheat into my barn. 

Watch out for the completion of this post........

Note: The Above topic was taught by Bro Landry 

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The Blessedness of Affliction

Greetings to the Pastors and Elders, the Admins, the Saints scattered throughout the world, May God help as we look into this brief words, Psalms 119:71 "It is good for me that I have been afflicted; that I might learn thy statutes"  Charles Spurgeon said:, we must acknowledge affliction under the sovereignty of God. He said: this Men will never become great in divinity until they become great in suffering.”
       There is no University for a Christian like that of sorrow and trial, Afflictions and Sufferings are one aspect of the gospel that many don't want to talk about today, with the invasion of the African borders in the 70s with the Marauding prosperity gospel, Africans began to learn the art of claiming everything, eliminated suffering from the gospel and saw earthly blessing as the mark of being born again. But consider the statement of David here: "It is Good for me...How many of us in all that we have gone through and still going through can come out and say, It is good for me that I have been afflicted".

       The prophet, God's messenger to this generation, in the message Works is Faith Expressed, 1965 said, there are SCHOOLS OF SUFFERINGS that we have to go through. Afflictions simply describes the state of being pained or distressed, and it has different levels applicable to every Christian.Remember our walk with God is Personal and Particular. In the Bible Affliction is used interchangeably with Suffering and in the Hebrew, it is applied in

• To lower, humble, or “deny”
• Depressed

Affliction is not without PURPOSE, David highlighted here that the purpose is that HE MAY LEARN GOD'S STATUTES, the word translated STATUTES actually means ENGRAVED LAW. DAVID is saying when I am afflicted, then God is able to engrave and write his Law upon my heart, he had understanding that the Law of God was not to be on tables of stones but fleshy tables of the heart
      There are virtues in the Christian Journey that we will never get by Fasting, Praying, going to Fellowship, Singing, Prophesying but by AFFLICTION, Psalms 34:19 "Many are the afflictions of the righteous: but the LORD delivereth him out of them all."  I love the Bible, it says MANY some preaching are trying to make it FEW, but it said Many. Hence, Scriptures say Count it all joy, when you encounter divers trials, temptations. Paul in 2 Corinthians 4 called His Affliction Light, but when you read the profile of his afflictions in 2 Corinthians 11, you begin to wonder what he was talking about, and if we are called unto Just weights and balances, how then can we call our affliction HEAVY, too Big, when Paul called his own light. 1st Thess 3:3,4 Paul said, we are ORDAINED unto these Afflictions. When I was studying this, I got an understanding that, you can't teach the Doctrine of Election, Predestination and Foreknowledge without Affliction, if we are ordained from the foundation of the world unto LIFE, WE are also ordained unto Afflictions. We Can't run away from it

    Now in most of Paul's writing, he emphasized a KNOWING, knowledge. You will see him saying Know Ye Not? Cos without the Proper Knowledge or a KNOWING, we would miss God's purpose in Our Affliction There are 2 verses that should give us consolation in Affliction and we will look at it. We must also note that affliction is not an indication that you are not Living Abundant Life

1. Isaiah 63:9
In all their affliction he was afflicted, and the angel of his presence saved them: in his love and in his pity he redeemed them; and he bore them, and carried them all the days of old.

In all their affliction, HE WAS AFFLICTED. This should comfort us that God himself is Afflicted in our Affliction, he is with us in the affliction and surely as God can't be brought down by AFFLICTION, so you can't

2. Hebrews 4:15
For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin.

We have a faithful and merciful highpriest, who can be touched by the feeling of our infirmity[afflictions, pain etc] because he also has partook of flesh and blood and understood Hunger, Rejection, Depression. Someone is saying was Jesus depressed, yes, around the time of his death, the Bible said and His soul began to be sorrowful exceedingly unto death, Bro Branham after the death of his first wife and daughter went into depression and wanted to commit suicide, Charles Spurgeon had fits of depression so bad that a time he said he looked at the Bible and hated the Bible. Let's note the following points quickly

1. You cannot deliver yourself out of any afflictions, it's God work

Hmmm, but we have Prayer Warriors, Fasting Machines, Tongue Talking and Demon slaying brethren, just Calm down, In psalms 107:25-30, Two things are striking for me

• God brings them to the place called wits ends - a place where all their wisdom and strength is futile and fails
• God then brings them to their desired haven

Am not ruling out the place of prevailing prayers and strong supplications, please don't misunderstand me, but there are some things that we must pass through, no matter how we pray, Jesus made strong supplications, plea when he was confronted with Death, BUT He was to Go through the death, But if we will be sincere, we have had dark seasons in which we prayed and it seemed as though God didn't answer....

We should have paused and proceed to ask, what STATUTES do you want me to learn through this, In Exodus, God said I am now come down to deliver Exodus 3:8, In one of my recent meditations, I was pondering how the Lord would save Ishmael, knowing so well what would become of Ishmael and how he would Afflict Israel, then I understood that God saved him from dying as a baby so that he could be an instrument of affliction for Israel. Jeremiah in lamentations 3:1 Said he has seen Affliction, he was called the Weeping Prophet. Brothers and sisters, weep if you must weep...When you are under that rod of affliction See what God said in Isaiah 48:10 Behold, I have refined thee, but not with silver; I have chosen thee in the furnace of affliction. We are chosen in the FURNACE OF AFFLICTION. Outside the furnace, we are not chosen but INSIDE THE FURNACE OF AFFLICTION, that's where God has chosen us. Jeremiah 10 :23 It is not in man to direct himself, God proceeds to say, I know their SORROWS, The question now is Do you Know that God Knows Your Sorrow? The Battle is The Lord's not Yours Sister.

2. Afflictions come to Drive us to the Lord

         Psalm 119:67 (New Living Translation) I used to wander off until you disciplined me; but now I closely follow your word
Psalms 77:2 In the day of my trouble I sought the Lord: my sore ran in the night, and ceased not: my soul refused to be comforted.
A preacher said  something and i quote:
"Afflictions either drive you to the Lord or make you hardened against the Lord". For Job, it wasn't about Denying the Existence of God, but it was a matter of how can I keep trusting This God. Recently Pastor Nice taught us on faith and hope. We saw how TRIBULATIONS [AFFLICTIONS] work Patience, patience experience and experience HOPE in the stature of a perfect Man, you can never pray for patience, you LEARN it, in the School of Affliction.We see this employed in book of judges, again and again God employs afflictions to make his people return to him. In the 7 feast of YHVH in Lev 23, the 6th feast is Atonement and the people must Afflict their Souls. The final feast is that of Tabernacles and truly before they can dwell in the BOOTHS of God, they must have been in the FURNACE OF AFFLICTION

3. Afflictions Get much worse before Deliverance Comes

      Just around the time Israel was to be delivered, the Taskmaster refused to give them materials for bricks and doubled their Labor, Maybe your afflictions has just gotten worse,that child has gotten wayward beyond repair, your finances are shrinking, your health deteriorating, that marriage is getting sour and sour by the day and you are enduring instead of enjoying marriage, young sister, it's as if no brother would come for you. Just know that, Afflictions get worse before Deliverance Comes

4. You are being afflicted because God is working on a Jewel.

Isaiah 53:11-14

11 O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, behold, I will lay thy stones with fair colours, and lay thy foundations with sapphires.
12 And I will make thy windows of agates, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy borders of pleasant stones.
13 And all thy children shall be taught of the Lord; and great shall be the peace of thy children.
14 In righteousness shalt thou be established: thou shalt be far from oppression; for thou shalt not fear: and from terror; for it shall not come near thee.

If you check all the characteristics of those precious stones mentioned, they Point to Jesus, The Precious Stone. Yes God is molding us for his eternal glory, that we may be More like Jesus.

Isa 28:16
Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make 

The Stone Proven Under Trial, have you ever read it like that.

And we are the Lively stones of God that wants to be made pillar in the house of God.We must be proven under TRIAL.

Father we thank you, help us to See the Blessedness in Afflictions and if there be any one passing through so hard afflictions at this time, we pray Lord that you will bring to the other side and we may like Paul say, our light affliction worketh for us an exceeding far weight of glory and like David say, it is good I was afflicted, that I may learn thy statues

THE ABOVE WAS TAUGHT BY BRO GIDEON EJIOFOR

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3 Categories Of Faith A Believer Ought To Posses

     

Hello fellow pilgrims, it's a privilege to share some thought on the subject "faith". Faith has always been a subject in the Bible that catches my attention each time it is discussed or preached on. This led to my pant to dig more into this subject ....

    This post is not assumed to be the absolute, it's just a write up sharing an understanding by the help of the Holy Spirit on faith and the categories of faith.Diving into this study, below are questions I wanted answers to by the scriptures..

1.  What are the categories of faith?
2.  Is there a correlation between the different categories of faith?
3.  And are we supposed to possess all categories of faith as believers? 

     What is faith?

Hebrews 11:1
Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. 

    Faith is our response towards God himself, it's also described to be total obedience to every word of God, and the word of God is God's love towards us, cos in it we have our freedom and victory over the devil and his viles.

   The focus of the write up is to answer the above three questions as stated. First let's list out  the categories of faith and talk about them accordingly.

We have,

1. Faith (foundation faith | faith unto salvation) 
2. The faith
3. The gift of faith.

   Faith(foundation Faith | faith unto salvation)

         Faith as defined by the scripture in Hebrews 11:1 is what I type to be the foundation faith or faith unto salvation. This is what we put in action in response to God's love (justification)...
 Explaining God's love, God's love is picking us up from our wayward lifestyles, and assuring us of being forgiven. Interesting right? our response to this love is where faith is put into action. Cos what faith does for us is, it give us an assurance of salvation, (Romans 5:1). Faith in God's love is accompanied by peace.
         Hence faith is a must have and a foundation to starting a walk with God... Abraham calling out in Genesis 12 :1 depicts this, he was called out from his country (his convenience, way of life...), with no idea of where he was going, but faith came in place in kick-starting a walk with God,  first in obedience and trust, and this was his origin to knowing more of God.... In all phases of life, even in expectations from God (Romans 4:3) (Romans 3:22)NIV.
            Now let's move to the next category which is "The faith"

     "The faith"

          We have been able to establish the foundation faith which I also term faith unto salvation, this is what we must put into action to actualize the grace that has appeared to all men (Titus 2:11) bringing salvation to everyone that believe (have faith). The next category is very important to making our call unto salvation worth it. (1 Peter 2:10) To make this calling and election sure, we must prioritize the next category of faith (The faith).
     Jude 1:3 emphasized on this category of faith and how we ought to contend for it knowing fully well men assumed to be pastors have polluted the faith which was delivered to us by our apostolic fathers. This post focuses more on the Categories of faith,  our next post is on, what actually is "the faith"?
         Now this category of faith appears to be the most important one to posses as a growing believer. This category of faith contains all doctrinal instructions, spiritual practice and many more biblical instructions, which God has used his apostles to establish for us to follow. It takes a man with faith To contend for  "the faith". watch out for the next blog post on "the faith". Let us talk about the last category which is the gift of faith.

       The gift of faith

        The gift of faith is a category of faith that is meant for every believer, but varies in measures, I can also say it's the foundation to all other spiritual gift, just like faith is the foundation to attaining the perfect stature of God (2 Peter 1:5-9), so also is the gift of faith, to function properly in your God-given gift as a believer. Once again It cannot be over emphasized to say the gift of faith is meant for all believers even though it varies in measures, a believer is meant to have the gift in a certain measure,and why should that be? cos it's a foundational gift in walking in your potential or acting spiritual gift.

         Before I conclude this last category I want to point out some understanding which I got doing a study on this subject.

1. Abraham who is the father of faith, he walked with God in the three categories of faith (yes), I have read through post where it was emphasized that Abraham Did not have the gift of faith rather he just had the foundation faith to receive God, I believe he had both the foundation faith,  "the faith" and also the gift of faith in a very high measure if not the highest measure.

2. There is no correlation between the gift of faith and "the faith", However, the people who have "the Faith", can still possess the gift of faith

And more so people with faith unto salvation can still posses the gift of faith without having the last category, "the faith"

     A thorough study on the life of Abraham, starting from his exodus from his father's country, to the giving of tithe (the faith) and other responses to God's love, it's obvious he has all categories of faith.

     In conclusion strive to grow in faith in all categories
Shalom
God bless

Note: Am not assuming this post has the best of revelation, am open to hearing from you on this subject matter.

Thanks.

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Street Praise Altar II Set To Storm Lagos on 10th Of March (See Full Details)

Street Praise Altar 2019! SPA'19 this year is power packed, deliverance, healing, breakthrough and every other thing you're trusting the lord for ! Come expectant! As we are going To be having great ministers like Olatunji Emmanuel,Ase,Tosinbee,IgweKenny,Bjbrown,Oreoluwa,Min.Isaiah,Caleb praise,Bayo brass,Dele Victor and Solape leading us in intense praise in worship that will bring down the heavens !  Last year we have over 500 people in attendance and needs were met, souls were saved by the spirit of God ! I look forward to seeing you there.

The vision is to reconcile people back to God in praise on the altar of intervention also using the unique way praise as a tool for evangelism.
Street Praise Altar is Also a programme to set praise altar in the 37 states of the country and the world at large
Below are part of those who would be ministering

Olatunji Emmanuel

Ase

Tosinbee

Igwe Kenny

Bj brown

Oreoluwa

Min. Isaiah

Caleb praise

Bayo brass

Dele Victor 

Solape

And Many More......

Come And be blessed....

We love you

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Reason Why Christians Should Evangelize

Well,
Since it’s an opportunity to share an interesting experience that can be beneficial to us, it has been on my mind to share this. So Very quickly I would be sharing my experience on evangelism, or better still, let me call it a compulsory evangelism. What do I mean by that..?, Well I happen to attend a fellowship(NIFES) here in school, LAUTECH precisely, and every semester, members must engage in evangelism, as a matter of compulsion. So there the compulsory evangelism stems from. I think we now get the brain behind compulsory evangelism

To be sincere, back then, Evangelism was one thing I always struggled with. Possibly because, I am always like “Not again”😑😉😉, What am I going to say now”🤔, “and am a shy person ooo”, “Na wa oo”, “make dem even scrap this evangelism from semester plan jawe”🙄…..so most times, I skip the evangelism days. lol.. (Maybe it was just me, or the devil playing with my mind .)😀

Well I took it upon myself to attend one of the evangelism programs. We were grouped, and thus, proceeded with the activity. It was my first time at it…lol. Things weren't even near perfect; it was expected, though. But thank God we were actually grouped, if not ehn….😃Hmmmm….lol….am sure we understand. Like my pastor would say your first experience, or visit to a place you should hunt to learn something…I got a grasp of what it entails to evangelise and am like wow….it is well

Just as it is a normal routine for the semester, this semester was not exempted, we had to reach out to souls on campus. Well i'm getting better at it (evangelism)…even though one still needs to improve. So this time, I got engaged with a fellow, and this is actually the sole reason why am sharing this…We started by normal introduction, and mind you, this guy looked apparently older than my humble self. At first, I was like, “shey this one will not beat me sha”, or shun me, well as God would have it, he gave me audience…To my greatest surprise, he happened to be a fresher!

After introduction, we went to talk about Christ, which I believe should be the sole mind of/behind evangelism. Making people see what Christ has actually done on the cross to redeem, to forgive our sins, and to give a new life which amongst all other things, entails freedom out of the bondage of sin and oppressions…So we got so deep in the discussion, and you needed to hear what this brother was going through…I can’t really go ahead to talk about the details. Brethren,think of anything, Just anything terrible, and this brother would fit into that picture in your head. It's that bad! I am not trying to mock this brother, I'm actually driving at something.

Well after the discussion, we were able to pray together, exchange numbers..which is very important, cos one will have to report to the fellowship for follow up, and other stuffs…But sincerely, I didn’t get over the little time I spent with that brother. For days, I was heartbroken…Am like, "that is a soul wasting away without knowing his right or left, there are so many lives out there, who looks scary on the outside,there are some who look even beautiful on the outside, but are actually in dire need of help... "

I had to share this to charge us up…also to charge myself up, to get involved in evangelism…It is a mandate given unto us by our Lord Jesus Christ. Don’t look too far, or ask question on how to get involved in this….it’s that simple….Are you actually going to work in a keke, if you are led to engage someone, pls do, don’t assume….Trust me, people need help, and they don’t know where and how to get help from. And you know the joyous thing, our fold has the true msg to get a soul genuinely saved


We cannot fold our hands and show nonchalance towards this important aspect of the gospel.
Play your part in Winning souls unto Christ, play your part in getting that soul free from the shackles of the Devil.
My part I will play!
May the good Lord help us. Amen.

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Meet The Newest Nigeria Gospel Artiste On Fire For God - Olatunji Emmanuel (Emma praise)

Olatunji Emmanuel, also known as Emma praise, and as 2njii (born 22 September 1994),[1]is a Nigerian gospel singer,[2]film musiccomposer[3]an actor.[4]Emmanuel was formerly a model [5]he joined Beth model Africa , micserah modelling management and also worked with some popular advertising agent in Lagos.[6]emmanuel later metamorphosed into gospel music after he became aborn-again Christian.[7]olatunji was born on the 22th September, 1994 in Lagos State, Nigeria to Mr simeon oladunmoye olatunji and Madam Victoria olatunji. he is the only son out of the four children in the family. he hails from ogbomosho south Oyo State. Emmanuel obtained his West Africa School Certificate (WAEC) from knoxfield comprehensive college ijoko ,ogun in the year 2010. Thereafter,he proceeded to the african church college of education where he studied Mathemathics and integrated science graduated in the year 2015.

Emmanuel is still pursuing his educational attainment with seriousness and dedication as it deserved. during his secondary school days, his interest in karate, music and drama led him to join the "the vessel","The original",he started his music career as a praise leader there,got his initial training and experience in singing and drama. he worked with unity junior college as a student teacher under the supervision of Mr. Ayelokun,between2014 &2015.he also work blossomhill schools and king's seed school,ifako ijaiye area of Lagos in the year 2015–2018.

For Church Ministrations and personal chat up, you can hang out with him by calling this number +234 708 589 3447

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6 Natural Remedies For Dandruff You Don't Know

You might have great hair and great looks, but you wouldn’t stand a chance with your close friends if you carry dandruff on your hair. It is hard to hide the fact that you have dandruff and it can be quite embarrassing. Sometimes you wouldn’t even realize the fact that others are observing your hair and the traces of dandruff that makes you scratch your scalp every now and then.


Nevertheless, I agree that dandruff is a common disorder and around 50% of the population keeps getting dandruff. The reason is simple. There are several causes that can bring dandruff. Understanding these causes is essential if you wish to get rid of dandruff for good.

Causes Of Dandruff

1. Lack Of Proper Hair Care


Proper hair care should be an essential part of your routine if you wish to stay away from dandruff.
Irregular and improper hair brushing can gradually lead to dandruff. It is a common cause that causes dandruff and other hair problems.
When you are combing your hair, the dead skin cells are easily removed. However, in the absence of combing the dead cells are not removed and they stick to your scalp. Eventually this layer of dead skin develops into dandruff.
2. Yeast Allergy
If you are allergic to yeast, you can easily get dandruff on your head.
Yeast is a species of spore or fungi that lives in our atmosphere. It is different from the yeast that we use for cooking. 

3. Dry Skin:


People who have a dry skin often get dandruff. They usually experience the problem during the winter days when their skin tends to get drier. Here are the best remedies for Dry Skin

Natural Remedies For Dandruff

1. Pepper And Yogurt:
Yogurt is a soothing agent that can make the skin on your scalp become smooth and less scaly.
Pepper acts as an anti-fungal agent that inhibits the growth of dandruff-causing microbes.
For making this remedy you need to mix 2 teaspoons of pepper powder and a cup of curd. Apply this mixture on your scalp and leave it for an hour.
Once you rinse it off, you can wash your hair with your usual shampoo. 

2. Olive Oil:


Olive oil is an excellent remedy that can cure all sorts of dandruff problem.
Olive oil acts as a moisturiser that makes the skin on your scalp really moist. This reduces the formation of dandruff.
Before applying olive oil, you should heat it gently. Warm olive oil gives more effect.
Apply the oil on your scalp and gently massage it. Leave it overnight. This would allow the skin to absorb the oil. In the morning wash your scalp with a gentle shampoo.
Olive oil is a strong medicine and it would bring results even if you leave it for just 15 minutes before rinsing. 

3. Oil And Lemon Juice:


Lemon juice and oil is a great combination that can help you in getting rid of dandruff.
Although lemon juice has certain bleaching properties, it doesn’t cause any discoloration of your hair. Lemon works as an anti-fungal agent that fights the microbes that lead to dandruff formation.
Make a mixture of lemon juice and coconut oil, where the proportion of lemon juice is 1/6th of the total mixture. Apply this mixture on your scalp and let it remain for 20 to 30 minutes. Then wash and rinse your hair using a gentle shampoo.
Try this remedy on a regular basis for getting the desired effect. 

4. Vinegar: 

Vinegar is a popular remedy for treating dandruff. However, you should not use chemically synthesized vinegar for this treatment. Pick naturally prepared vinegar like balsamic vinegar or apple cider vinegar.
Vinegar contains active potassium enzymes that remove all the itchy sensation from your scalp. Natural vinegar is a good treatment for dandruff that causes lot of itching.
Massaging your scalp with apple cider vinegar promotes proper blood circulation. This makes your hair strong and healthier.
Apple cider vinegar removes all the dead skin cells from your scalp. This prevents the formation of dandruff.
Instead of directly applying vinegar to your scalp you can also rinse your hair with a mixture of water and vinegar. For a mug of water you can use a tablespoon of apple cider vinegar. You would get a lingering smell of vinegar but it will wean off as your hair gets dry. 

5. Baking Soda: 

Baking soda has certain cleansing properties that help in cleaning up all the dandruff from your scalp.
Mix your shampoo with a teaspoon of baking soda and make a good mixture of it. Apply this on your scalp and then rinse your hair nicely. You would be amazed to see all the traces of dandruff getting easily removed. 

6. Aloe Vera:

Aloe Vera is quite effective in removing dandruff and restoring the skin on your scalp.
Aloe Vera restores the broken skin on your scalp and makes it healthy and smooth. This prevents the formation of dandruff.
Aloe Vera also acts as an anti-fungal and anti-bacterial agent that helps in cleansing out all the dandruff.
Apply pure Aloe Vera gel on your scalp and let it stay for 15 minutes before rinsing with a gentle shampoo.
Aloe Vera treatment is a great remedy for your hair and scalp and hence you can use it daily.

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See How To Get Rid Of Car Engine Oil Shortages

INTRODUCTION
Your mechanic has checked why your car's engine oil keeps shortening or going down; he's found no significant trace of oil drops. But you, the car owner know that you spend at least N2000 topping the engine oil daily. You even have a 4L gallon in your car, just in case it requires topping.

Engine oils are the lifeline of a cars engine.
They cone in different grades and thickness(viscosity). The one to use for your car, would depend on the manufacturers specification, and/or the region where you're located. Cooler climates like North America, and some parts of Europe, require a lighter quality oil, to aid quick start. While in places like Africa and the middle East, temperatures are tropical in nature, so would require somewhat a thicker oil grade for efficient engine operation.
Without it, a car would never move.

BENEFITS OF ENGINE OILS TO AN ENGINE
*acts as a cooling agent for the dissipation of excess heat, from the engine's internal components (crankshafts, piston rings, etc).
*acts as a lubricating agent for the engine. Without adequate lubrication of internal engine components, there's bound to be increased temperature rise, as a result of an engine "knock".

WHEN TO REPLACE AN ENGINE'S ENGINE OIL
These days, vehicle manufacturers have incorporated oil quality sensors as part of the engine management systems of their various brands. These has being done, to at least, reduce human estimations of oil change intervals.
This type of oil quality monitor sensor, triggers a " MAINTENANCE REQUIRED LIGHT", on a Toyota brand cars, and a "SPANNER SIGN" on Honda brand of cars. Indicators like these appear on the instrument panel (dashboard) of such cars, if the engine oil quality has degraded to a certain percentage, or the vehicle has being driven for more than 7500miles, or so.
NB: After oil change in this methodology, the MAINTENANCE REQUIRED LIGHT or SPANNER SIGN has to be reset.
The second option is using estimated intervals, such as current date/mileage.
In this method, the date or mileage when the vehicle was serviced, is used as a baseline for the next service. Remember, it depends on which came first. Date, or mileage.

REPLACING A CAR'S ENGINE OIL AS AT WHEN DUE. IS IT RIGHT?
Replacing your car's engine oil as at when due, saves you tremendous amounts of money, and time.
You wouldn't want to be caught unawares with an engine failure while driving down the street, or on a journey.
Though engine damage, does not occur without a SIGN. The car must have being presenting you with subtle signs like a rattle noise, oil shortages on the engine oil dipstick, etc.

*"""""late replacing of your car's engine oil leaves within it's trail, sludge, responsible for most of the engine wears that results into engine damage.*""""""""(see figures above).
The pictures below were from a 2008 Hyundai Tucson 4cylinder engine.

HOW TO TRACE AN ENGINE OIL SHORTAGE PROBLEM
*you continuously add engine oil to the engine
*oil spills in the neighborhood. That's the ground or floor where the car was parked.

NB: If the spills occur very fast(rate of flow), when the engine is idling, that could suggest that its seeping out from the crankshaft pulley oil seal, or the sum(bottom plate).
Recall, whether you've gone over a boulder (rock), and that might have broken the oil pan.
Some shortages could also be as a result of valve cover leaks.

HOW TO FIX AN ENGINE OIL SHORTAGE PROBLEM
The fix to any engine oil shortage issue, is dependent on the nature and location of the leak. If its along the engine belt locations, for example that would require a major engine work. Replacement of the crankshaft pulley oil seal, etc. If you're mechanically inclined, and you're dexterous with tools, I guess it's something you could do to fix the problem. But I'll advice, if you aren't comfortable, you seek a competent mechanic, or a dealership to handle that aspect of the job.

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Complete History Of Murtala Muhammed International Airport

Murtala Muhammed International airport acronym to be MMIA, has grown to be one of the busiest place, as regards its passenger’s traffic movement over the years, amidst other well-known locations in Lagos state. The International airport which is located in Ikeja Lagos state Nigeria, is the major airport serving the entire state. It is also a premier international air gateway for Nigeria. Following its establishment during the World War II, It was originally known as Lagos International airport, after which it was renamed in the mid-1970s, during the construction of the new international terminal, after Murtala Muhammed, the 4th military ruler of Nigeria who died in 1976. 

The international terminal was officially opened March, 15, 1979. Murtala Muhammed International Airport has both its international and local terminal, sharing the same runway. The estimated distance between the two terminals is approximately one kilometer. The domestic terminal used to be the old Ikeja Airport, just as it was formerly called, it controls all domestic operations. Following the completion of the international terminal, international operations had to be shifted from the domestic terminal, in other to manage its passenger’s traffic movement over the months.

In April 7 2007, a new domestic terminal known as MMA2, was constructed and commissioned, to also manage the airport domestic operations and affairs. Over the years, all viable affairs of the airport has been manage by The Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria. Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN) is a parastatal of government, under the supervision of Federal Ministry of Aviation. Akinro (2013, p.3) said, the creation of the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria started with the promulgation of Decree 45 of 1976, which established the Nigerian Airports Authority (NAA) by the Federal Military Government under the regime of Olusegun Obasanjo in 1976. It commenced activities with the inauguration of first Board of Directors in Lagos on July 11, 1978. The Nigerian Airports Authority (NAA) as noted by Akinro (2013, p.4) continued to perform its functions as outlined by the Decree establishing it until August 1995 when a Civil Aviation Reform was carried out by the then Federal Military Government.

After the opening of the international terminal in March, 15, 1979, airport passenger traffic has been in steady growth, over the years. However prediction of how the airport passenger traffic is somewhat less researched, although aircraft demand forecast has been recently studied. (kyhla 2016). An accurate and reliable airport traffic demand forecasting is an integral component for short term and long term planning and decision making regarding airport infrastructure and development and flight network, this then does not exempt Murtala Muhammed International Airport. The steady growth in its passenger’s traffic movement over the years is obviously, something to look into, in order to help its controlling body Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria (FAAN), to help make decisions as regards its infrastructural amenities and also help to improvement its flight networks. Physicist Neil Bohr once said “prediction is very difficult, especially if it’s about the future,” It has been as “one of the 10 grand challenge of modern science” (cheng et. al. 2015), However if forecasting is properly done it can make an obvious impact. A 10% improvement in forecasting accuracy can impact revenue gain by 4% (Yu 2012). For many large firm, even a 1% increase means an increase in million dollars of revenue, further stressing the importance of an accurate forecast.

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How to Get Rid of White Spots on Teeth

A beautiful smile adds to the beauty of a person. And a pair of pearly white teeth without any spots is what makes your smile beautiful and attractive. But if you develop white spots on your teeth or have white spots on teeth due some reason or the other, it totally mars your look as well as your personality.

What are White Spots on Teeth?

Actually white spots on the teeth is not a major concern and can be treated, but the important thing here is that it makes your smile unattractive as well as affect your self-confidence while talking to people or while smiling in public. It makes you conscious most of the times.

People generally get white spots on teeth due to loss of mineral on the enamel of the teeth. As per medical terms, this condition of teeth is known as hypocalcification.

The white spots on teeth also lead to tooth decay or the deterioration of the teeth. In fact, white spots on teeth are the first sign that indicates that your teeth have started decaying.

Causes of White Spots on Teeth

Are you worried that you have noticed few white spots on your teeth in the morning? I know, now you just want to know what causes white spots on the teeth.

Actually, there are various reasons due to which a person can develop white spots on the teeth and the reasons also vary from person to person. Some of the common causes due to which a person can develop white spots on the teeth are given below. Let’s read to know about them.

Fluorosis: 

It is a condition which damages the enamel of the teeth and cause white spots on them. This condition occurs due to the excessive consumption of fluoride by the children before the full development of the teeth. It is the most common cause of white spots on teeth.

Excessive Calcium Secretion: 

The body produces excessive calcium during the growth of the teeth and this excess calcium affects the enamel and cause white spots on the teeth.

Loss of Mineral: 

White spots can also appear on the teeth due to loss of mineral in the teeth, which is known as hypocalcification while the white spots on the teeth are known as hypoplasia.

Acidic Fruits and Drink: 

The excessive consumption of acidic fruits and drinks damages the enamel of the teeth, thus causes white spots on the teeth.

Acidity:

 If you are suffering from frequent acidity problems, then your teeth are vulnerable to get white spots on them.

Dry Mouth: 

It also causes white spots on the teeth. In this condition, the mouth does not produce enough saliva to neutralize the pH level of the body. As a result, the acid-producing bacteria become active and cause white spots on the teeth.

Poor Oral Hygiene: 

If you do not clean your teeth properly, then plaques get formed on your teeth, which dissolve the teeth enamel and cause white spots on the teeth.

Braces on the Teeth: 

Wearing braces for a longer period of time also causes white spots on the teeth. While wearing braces on the teeth, you have to take extreme care of the dental hygiene.

The lack of oral hygiene makes road for plaque built up on the teeth and when you will remove the braces, you will find white spots on the teeth, which most of the times lead to tooth decay.

Genetic Disorder: 

Sometimes genetics play's a major role in creating white spots on the teeth.

Home Remedies to Get Rid of White Spots on Teeth

Who doesn’t want to flash that beautiful smile with a set of bright white teeth? But what can be done when you have white spots on the teeth. It mars the appearance of the face and affects your self-confidence to smile at the public place.

One thing you can do. You can go to the dentist to make your teeth spot free and bright. But, it is very expensive.

Yes, you can go for the OTC drugs to get rid of those unpleasant white spots from your teeth. But again these drugs bring with them many side effects, which can further damage your teeth.

Are you worried now to think how to get rid of white spots on teeth? Do not worry as there are various treatments that use natural ingredients to treat this dental problem.

Let’s have a look at the home remedies to remove white spots on teeth!
Baking Soda to Remove White Spots on Teeth

Baking soda is one of the most effective ingredients to remove white spots from the teeth. The alkaline nature of baking soda helps to remove the plaques as well as the white spots from the teeth. It releases free radicals when it comes in contact with water. This process helps remove the stains or white spots on the teeth that occurs due to consumption of various types of food and tobacco.

Method 1: Baking Soda and Water

Get this:

Baking soda –2 tbsp
Toothbrush – 1
Water – 1 tbsp

Do this:

Take your toothbrush and wet it with water.

Now, dip the wet toothbrush in the baking soda properly so that the bristles will be coated fully with the baking soda.

Brush your teeth with this baking soda dipped toothbrush at least for 2 minutes.

Follow this process two times a week to get rid of white spots on teeth.


Note: You may experience a tingling sensation when you will start brushing your teeth with baking soda, but there is nothing to worry about it. But if you get a burning sensation, then stop using it.

Method 2: Baking Soda and Water

Get this:

Baking soda –2 tbsp
Water – 1 glass

Do this:

Add 2 tbsp of baking soda to the water and stir well.

Now use the baking soda water to rinse your mouth.

Rinse your teeth with normal water.
Use this baking soda water to rinse your mouth once a day to get rid of white spots on the teeth.

Baking Soda and Strawberry to Get Rid of White Spots on Teeth

Strawberry is loaded with anti-oxidant properties and Vitamin C, which helps to remove the stains from the teeth.

Get this:

Ripe strawberry- 1

Baking soda- 2 tsp

Do this:

Take 1 ripe strawberry and mash it properly to make a smooth paste.

Now, add the baking soda to it and mix well to form a paste.

Brush your teeth with this strawberry and baking soda paste for 2 to 3 minutes.

Rinse your teeth with normal water.

Follow this remedy at least once per week to get rid of white spots on the teeth.

Baking Soda and Vinegar Toothpaste

The use of baking soda along with the vinegar also helps to remove the white spots from the teeth.

Get this:

Vinegar – 1 tsp
Baking soda – 2 tsp

Do this

Mix both the vinegar and baking soda to form a smooth paste.
Brush your teeth with this paste for 2 to 3 minutes.
Rinse your mouth with normal water.
Follow this remedy twice per week till you remove the white spots from your teeth completely.

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